Scientific Literature

• Adipose
• Bone Marrow
• Disc Disease
• Iliac Crest Bone Graft Morbidity
• Knee
• General Stem Cells

• Genetically Modified Stem Cells
• Osteogenesis
• PRP & Platelets
• Biomechanical Regenerative Cell Stimulation
• Vascular

Top Adipose

• De Ugarte,D.A., et al, Comparison of Multi-Lineage Cells from Human Adispose Tissue and Bone Marrow, Cells Tissues Organs 2003 174:101-109.
• Fraser, J.K.,et al, Fat tissue: an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology, Trends in Biotechnology 2006.
• Gomillion, C.T., et al, Stem Cells and Adipose Tissue Engineering, Science Direct, March, 2006.
• Hattori, H., et al, Bone Formation Using Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells and Biodegradable Scaffold, Wiley InterScience, July 2005.
• Hattori, H., et al, Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Stromal Cells as an Alternative Stem Cell Source, Cells Tissues Organs 2004.
• Helder,M.N., et al, Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue Allow Challenging New Concepts for Renerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering~ Submitted 2007.
• Hoogendoorn, et al, Adipose stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration: current status and concepts for the future., Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ~ February 2008.
• Hsu, J., Wang, J., Liu, N., Krenek, L., Zuk, P., Hedrick, M., Benhaim, P., Lieberman, J., et al, Stem Cells from Human Fat as Cellular Delivery Vehicles in a Rat Posterolateral Spine Fusion Model. The Spine Journal, Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 7S-7S.
• Jagur-Grodzinski,J., et al, Polymers for Tissue Engineering, Medical Devices and Regenerative Medicine, Wiley InterScience 2006.
• Kern, S., et al, Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cord Blood or Adipose Tissue, Stem Cells, Jan., 2006.
• Lendeckel, S., et al Autologous stem cells (adipose) and fibrin glue used to treat widespread traumatic calvarial defects: case report, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, June 2004.
• Mitchell, J.B., et al, Immunophenotype of Human Adipose-Derived Cells: Temporal Changes in Stromal-Associated and Stem Cells, Stem Cells 2006;24:376-385.
• Mao, J.J., et al, Craniofacial Tissue Engineering by Stem Cells, J Dent Res 85(11) 2006.
• Niechoda, B., et al, In vivo bone formation using Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells, The histomorphometry of the ovine defect model, Thesis, University of New South Wales 2006.
• Parker, A.M., & Katz, A.J., Adipose-derived stem cells for the regeneration of damaged tissues, Expert Opinion Biological Therapy (2006)6(6).
• Rodriguez, L.V., et al, Clonogenic multipotent stem cells in human adipose tissue differenciate into functional smooth muscle, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 8th, 2006, Vol. 103 no.32 12167-12172.
• Schaeffler, A., et al, Concise Review: Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells - Basic and Clinical Implications for Novel Cell-Based Therapies. Stem Cells, 2007.
• Sheyn, D., et al, Nonvirally Engineered Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Use in Posterior Spinal Fusion. Stem Cells, Vol. 26, 1056-1064, 2008.
• Strem, S.S., et al, Multipotential differenciation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells, Keio J Med 54 2005(3)132-141.
• Tobita, M., et al, Periodontal Tissue Regeneration with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, Volume 00, Number 00, 2007.
• Zuk, Patricia A., et al, Human Adipose Tissue is a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells, Molecular Biology of the Cell, December, 2002.

Top Bone Marrow

• Connolly, J., et al, Development of an Osteogenic Bone Marrow Preparation, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Volume 1989 ; 71 684-691.
• Gangji,V and Hauzeur, J.P.,et al, Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head With Implantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Cells, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Volume 87-A Supplement 1, Part 1, March 2005.
• Gangji,V, et al, Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head With Implantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Cells-A PILOT STUDY, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Volume 86-A, Number 6, June 2004.
• Gupta, Anu R., et al, Perioperative and Long-Term Complications of Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvesting for Spinal Surgery: A Quantitative Review of the Literature, International Medical Journal Vol. 8, Number 3, pp 163-166, September 2001. .
• Hernigou, P. et al, The use of percutaneous autologous bone marrow transplantation in nonunion and avascular necrosis of bone, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Vol 87-B, Number 7, July 2005.
• Hernigou, P. and Beaujean, F., Treatment of Osteonecrosis With Autologous Bone Marrow Grafting, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research Number 405, pp 14-23 December 4, 2002.
• Hernigou, P. and Beaujean, F., Percutaneous Autologous Bone Marrow Grafting For Nonunions, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Vol 87-A, Number 7, Page 1430-1437 July 2005.
• Johnson, R., et al, Concentrated From Bone Marrow Aspirate Mixed With Crushed Cancellous Bone Chips- A Substitute for Autnograft Fusion in the Spine?.
• Kevy, S.V., et al, Point of Care Concentration of Bone Marrow, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, October 2006.
• McLain, R.F., et al, Aspiration of Osteoprogenitor Cells of Augmenting Spinal Fusion: Comparison of Progenitor Cell Concentrations from the Vertebral Body and Illiac Crest, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery Vol 87-A, Number 12, Page 2655-2661 December 2005.
• Muschler, G.F., et al, Spine Fusion Using Cell Matrix Composites Enriched in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research Number 407 pp 102-118.
• Schultz, S.S., et al, Adult Stem Cell Application in Spinal Cord Injury, Current Drug Targets, 2005, 6, 63-73.
• Yoon et al, Complete Spinal Cord Injury Treatment using Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Transplantaion and Bone Marrow Stimulation with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor 9GM-CSF) Phase I/II Clinical Trial, Stem Cells April 26, 2007.

Top Disc Disease

• Acosta F., Lotz J., Ames C., et al, The potential role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: a critical overview, Neurosurg Focus 19 (3):E4, 2005.
• Baksh D., et al, Adult mesenchymal stem cells: characterization, differentiation, and application in cell and gene therapy, J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 8, No 3, 2004 pp. 301-316.
• Crevesten G., et al, Intervertebral Disc Cell Therapy for Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation in Rat Intervertebral Discs, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 3, March 2004 pp. 430–434.
• Heck J., et al, A Classification System for the Assessment of Lumbar Pain in Athletes, Journal of Athletic Training 2000;35(2):204–211.
• Tow B., et al, Disc Regeneration: A Glimpse of the Future, 2007 The Congress of 128 Neurological Surgeons.

Top General Stem Cell

• Bonnet, D., Biology of human bone marrow stem cells. Clin Exp Med Vol. 3, 140-149, 2003.
• Cipolleschi, M., et al, The Role of Hypoxia in the Maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Blood, Vol. 82, 2031-2037, 1993.
• Daley, G. Q., Prospects for stem cell therapeutics- myths and medicines, Current Opinion on Genetic Development, Vol. 12, 607-613, 2002.
• Eiges, R., et al, A molecular view on pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Letters, Vol. 529, 135-141, 2002.
• Ema, H., et al, Self-renewal and lineage restriction of hematopoietic stem cells. Current Opinion on Genetic Development, Vol. 13, 508-512, 2003.
• Fuchs, E., Tumbar, T., and Guasch, G. Socializing with the Neighbors: Stem Cells and Their Niche. Cell Vol. 116 , 769-778, 2004. .
• Gafni, Y., et al, Stem cells as vehicles for orthopedic gene therapy, Gene Therapy, Vol. 11, 417-426, 2004.
• Herzog, E. L., et al, Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells. Blood, Vol. 102, 3483-3493, 2003.
• Kondo, M., et al, Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitors: Implications for Clinical Application, Annual Review of Immunology, Vol.21, 759-806, 2003.
• Risbud Jefferson Medical College, et al, Cellular Therapy for Disc Degeneration, SPINE Volume 30, Number 17S, pp S14–S19.
• Shen, Francis H., et al, Cell Technologies for Spinal Fusion, The Spine Journal Volume 5 231s-239s, 2005.
• Szilvassy SJ, The Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Archives of Medical Research, 2003 Vol. 34, 446-460.
• Taichman, S, Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create the hematopoietic stem-cell niche, Blood, Vol. 105, 2631-2639, 2005.
• Tepper, O, et al, Adult vasculogenesis occurs through in situ recruitment, proliferation, and tubulization of circulating bone arrow-derived cells, Blood, 2005; Vol. 95, 1068-1077, 2005.
• ABC A Dog's Stem Cell Life.
• Understanding Stem Cells.
• National Institutes of Health, Regenerative Medicine 2006 NIH.

Top Genetically Modified Stem Cells

• Morizono, K.; et al, Multilineage Cells from Adipose Tissue as Gene Delivery Vehicles, Human Gene Therapy, Vol.14, 59-66, 2003.
• Peterson, B., et al, Healing of critically sized femoral defects, using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue, Tissue Engineering, Vol. 11, 120-9, 2005.
• Riew, K. D., et al, Thoracoscopic intradiscal spine fusion using a minimally invasive gene-therapy technique, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 85, 866-71, 2003.
• Vaccaro, A. R., et al, A 2-year follow-up pilot study evaluating the safety and efficacy of op-1 putty (rhbmp-7) as an adjunct to iliac.pdf.
• Viggeswarapu, M. et al, Adenoviral delivery of LIM mineralization protein-1 induces new-bone formation in vitro and in vivo, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 83, 364-76, 2001.
• Wang, J. C., et al, Effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bone marrow cells on spinal fusion in rats, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 85-A(5)- 905-11, 2005.
• West, J. L., et al, Results of spinal arthrodesis with pedicle screw-plate fixation, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 73(8) - 1179-84, 1991.
• Yang, M., et al, In vitro and in vivo induction of bone formation based on ex vivo gene therapy using rat adipose-derived adult stem cells expressing BMP-7. Cytotherapy, Vol. 7(3), 273-81, 2005.
• Yoon, E., In Vivo Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells/Poly Lactide-Co-Glycolic Acid Constructs for Bone Regeneration in a Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect Model.

Top Iliac Crest Bone Graft Morbidity

• Coventry, M. B., and Tapper, E. M., Pelvic Instability: A Consequence of Removing Iliac Bone for Grafting, The Journal of Joint and Bone Surgery, Vol. 54, 83-101, 1972.
• Cowley, S. P., and Anderson, L. D., Hernias Through Donor Sites for Iliac-Bone Grafts, The Journal of Joint and Bone Surgery. Vol. 65, 1023-5, 1983.
• Reid, R., Hernia Through an Iliac Bone-graft Donor Site: A Case Report, The Journal of Joint and Bone Surgery, Vol. 50, 757.
• Romih, M., et al, The Vertibral Interbody Grafting Site's Low Concentration in Osteogenic Progenitors can Greatly Benefit from Addition of Iliac Crest Bone Marrow, European Spine Journal, Vol. 14, 645-648, 2005.

Top Knee

• Hicok, K. C., et al, Human adipose-derived adult stem cells produce osteoid in vivo, Tissue Engineering, Vol. 10(3-4), 371-80, 2004.
• Javazon, E., Mesenchymal stem cells paradoxes of passaging, Expiremental Hematology, 32(5)- 414-25, 2004.
• Kraus, K., Critically sized osteo-periosteal femoral defects: a dog model, Journal of Investigative Surgery, Vol. 12(2), 115-24, 1999.
• Loening, A. M., et al, AMIDE: A Free Software Tool for Multimodality Medical Image Analysis, Molecular Imaging, Vol. 2(3), 131-7, 2003.

Top Osteogenesis

• Ludwig, S., et al, Osteoinductive bone graft substitutes, European Spine Journal, Vol. 9, 119-25, 2000.

Top PRP & Platelets

• de Boer, H., et al, Fibrin and Activated Platelets Cooperatively Guide Stem Cells to a Vascular Injury and Promote Differentiation Towards an Endothelial Cell Phenotype, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biologogy, Vol., 26,1653-1659, 2006.
• Massberg, S., et al, Platelets secrete stromal cell-derived factor 1 and recruit bone marrow-derived progenitor cells to arterial thrombi in vivo, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 203, 1221-1233, 2006.

Top Biomechanical Regenerative Cell Stimulation

• Beck, B., et al, Novel, high-frequency, low-strain mechanical loading for premenopausal women with low bone mass: early findings, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 24, 505-507, 2004.
• Bonewald, L., Osteocytes as multifunctional cells, Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions, Vol. 6, 331-333, 2006.
• Cardinale, M., et al, Gastrocnemius Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Oxygenation during Whole-Body Vibration Exercise, Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, Vol. 39, 694-700, 2007.
• Cardinale, M., et al, Hormonal responses to a single session of whole body vibration exercise in elderly individuals, British Journal of Sports Medicine, Online, 15 April 1008.
• Flieger, J., et al, Mechanical Stimulation in the Form of Vibration Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats, Calcified Tissue International, Vol. 63, 510-514,1998.
• Gusi, N., et al, Low-frequency vibratory exercise reduces the risk of bone fracture more than walking: a randomized controlled trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol. 7, 92, 2006.
• Hannan, M., et al, Establishing the compliance in elderly women for use of a low level mechanical stress device in a clinical osteoporosis study, Osteoporosis International, Vol. 15, 918-928, 2004.
• Humphries, B., et al, The assessment of vibration signals during a fatigue protocol, The School of Health and Human Performance, Central Queensland University.
• Jordan, M., et al, Vibration Training: An Overview of the Area, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 19, 459-466, 2005.
• Jordon, J., Good vibrations and strong bones?, AJP: Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 288, 555-556, 2004. .
• Karachalios, L., et al, Mechanical Stimulation in the Form of Vibration Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats, Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, Vol. 63, 510-514, 1998.
• Kremmler, W., et al, Benefits of 2 Years of Intense Exercise on Bone Density, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipids in Early Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women, Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 164, 2004.
• Rubin, C., et al, The Use of Low-Intensity Ultrasound to Accelerate the Healing of Fractures, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 83-A, 259-270, 2001.
• Rubinacci, A., et al, Ovariectomy Sensitizes Rat Cortical Bone to Whole-Body Vibration, Calcified Tissue International, Vol. 83, 316-326, 2008.
• Russo, C., et al, High-Frequency Vibration Training Increases Muscle Power in Postmenopausal Women, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 84, 1854-1857, 2003.
• Semler, O., et al, Preliminary results on the mobility after whole body vibration in immobilized children and adolescents, Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions, Vol. 7, 77-81, 2007.
• Spencer, G., et al, Long-term potentiation in bone - a role for glutamate in strain-induced cellular memory?, BMC Stem Cell Biology, Vol. 4, 1-4, 2003.
• Torvinen, S., et al, Effect of four-month vertical whole body vibration on performance and balance, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.34.9, 1523-1528, 2002.
• Turner, C., et al, Exercise As An Anabolic Stimulus For Bone, Current Pharmaceutical Design, Vol. 10.21, 2629-2641, 2004.
• Verschueren, S., et al, Effect of 6-Month Whole Body Vibration Training on Hip Density, Muscle Strength, and Postural Control in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 29, Number 3, 2004.
• Warman, G., et al, The influence of vibration on maximal torque generation, The School of Health and Human Performance, Central Queensland University.
• Yang, Y., et al, Enhancement of Mechanical Signals for Tissue Engineering Bone, Topics in Tissue Engineering, Vol. 2, 2005.

Top Vascular

• Asahara, T., et al, Bone Marrow Origin of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Responsible for Postnatal Vasculogenesis in Physiological and Pathological Neovascularization, Circulation Research, Vol. 85, 221-228, 1999.
• Ceradini, D, et al, Homing to Hypoxia: HIF-1 as a Mediator of Progenitor Cell Recruitment to Injured Issue, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 15, 57-63, 2005.
• Cipolleschi, M, et al, The role of hypoxia in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, Blood, Vol. 82, 2031-2037, 1993.
• de Boer, H, et al, Fibrin and Activated Platelets Cooperatively Guide Stem Cells to a Vascular Injury and Promote Differentiation Towards an Endothelial Cell Phenotype, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Vol. 26, 1653-1659, 2006.
• Hamano, K, et al, The induction of angiogenesis by the implantation of autologous bone marrow cells - a novel and simple therapeutic method, Surgery, Vol. 130, 44-54, 2001.
• Massberg, S, et al, Platelets secrete stromal cell-derived factor 1 and recruitment bone marrow-derived progenitor cells to arterial thrombi In vivo, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 203, 1221-1233, 2006.
• Murayama, T, et al, Determination of bone marrow-derived progenitor cell significance in angiogenic growth factor-induced neovascularization in vivo, Experimental Hematology, Vol. 30, 967-972, 2002.
• Rafii, S, et al, Therapeutic stem progenitor cell transplantation for organ vascularization and regeneration, Nature Medicine, Vol. 9, 702-712, 2003.
• Saigawa, T, et al, Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Implantation in Patients with Arteriosclerosis Obliterans, and the Association Between Efficacy and the Number of Implanted Bone Marrow Cells, Circulation Journal, Vol. 68, 1189-1193, 2004.
• Shintani, S., et al, Augmentation of Postnatal Neovascularization With Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation, Circulation, Vol. 103, 897-903, 2001.
• Taichman, S, Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create the hematopoietic stem-cell niche, Blood, Vol. 105, 2631-2639, 2005.
• Tepper, O, et al, Adult vasculogenesis occurs through in situ recruitment, proliferation, and tubulization of circulating bone marrow-derived cells, Blood, Vol. 95, 1068-1077, 2005.
• Yuyama, E, et al, Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells - a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial, The Lancet, Vol. 360, 427-435, 2002.